Are you called by God? Are you chosen by God?

What does it mean when Jesus says in Matthew 20:16 that Many are called, but few are chosen? What is the difference between the two, and what is the connection between this saying and the parable of the workers in the vineyard which Jesus just finished telling?

In Matthew 20:16, Jesus is saying that it is we who are upside down and backwards, and if we let Him, He will turn our world right way around for us so that we can see the truth and beauty that is God’s Kingdom.