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C. S. Lewis speaks out on Masturbation

By Jeremy Myers
96 Comments

C. S. Lewis speaks out on Masturbation

CS Lewis smokingA while back someone submitted a question to me about masturbation and whether it was sinful or not.

There is also a thread in the forum about masturbation, through only one person has attempted an answer on it…

It is a very … touchy … subject to deal with.

So as I was recently reading through the Letters of C. S. Lewis, I was surprised toย learned that

(1) C. S. Lewis struggled with the temptation of masturbation, and
(2) he had a pretty good theological answer for it.

Here is What C. S. Lewis said about Masturbation

I agree that that the stuff about ‘wastage of vital fluids’ is rubbish. For me the real evil of masturbation would be that it takes an appetite which, in lawful use, leads the individual out of himself to complete (and correct) his own personality in that of another (and finally in children and even grandchildren) and turns it back: sending the man back into the prison of himself, there to keep a harem of imaginary brides.

And this harem, once admitted, works against his ever getting out and really uniting with a real woman. For the harem is always accessible, always subservient, calls for no sacrifice or adjustments, and can be endowed with erotic and psychological attractions which no real woman can rival.

Among these shadowy brides he is always adored, always the perfect lover: no demand is made on his unselfishness, no mortification is ever imposed on his vanity. In the end, they become merely the medium through which he increasingly adores himself.

Do read Charles Williams’ Descent into Hell, and study the character of Mr. Wentworth. And it is not only the faculty of love which is thus sterilized, forced back on itself, but also the faculty of imagination.

The true exercise of imagination, in my view, is (a) To help us to understand other people (b) To respond to, and, some of us, to produce art. But it has also a bad use: to provide for us, in shadowy form, a substitute for virtues, successes, distinctions, et cetera which ought to be sought outside in the real world — e.g., picturing all I’d do if I were rich instead of earning and saving.

Masturbation involves this abuse of imagination in erotic matters (which I think bad in itself) and thereby encourages a similar abuse of it in all spheres.

After all, almost the main work of life is to come out of our selves, out of the little, dark prison we are all born in. Masturbation is be avoided as all things are to be avoided which retard this process. The danger is that of coming to love the prison (Lewis, Yours, Jack, 292-293).

CS Lewis writing

In a later letter to a different man, C. S. Lewis wrote this about masturbation:

The evidence seems to be that God sometimes works such a complete metamorphosis and sometimes not. We don’t know why: God forbid we should presume it went my merit.

He never in my unmarried days did it for me. He gave me–at least and after many ups and down, the power to resist the temptation so far as the act was concerned. He never stopped the recurrent temptations, nor was I guarded from the sin of mental consent. I don’t mean I wasn’t given sufficient grace. I mean that I sometimes fell into it, grace or no.

One may, I suppose, regard this as partly penal. One is paying for the physical (and still more the imaginative) sins of one’s earlier life. One my also regard it as a tribulation, like any other. The great discovery for me was that the attack does not last forever. It is the devil’s lie that the only escape from the tension is through yielding.

… Disgust, self-contempt, self-hatred–rhetoric against the sin and (still more) vilification of sexuality or the body in themselves–are emphatically not the weapons for this warfare. We must be relieved, not horrified, by the fact that the whole thing is humiliating, undignified, ridiculous; the lofty vices would be far worse.

Nor must we exaggerate our suffering. We talk of ‘torture’: five minutes of really acute toothache would restore our sense of proportion! In a word, no melodrama. The sin, if we fall into it, must be repented, like all our others. God will forgive. The temptation is a darn nuisance, to be born with patience as long as God wills.

On the purely physical side (but people no doubt differ) I’ve always found that tea and bodily weariness are the two great disposing factors, and therefore the great dangers. Sadness is also a danger: lust in my experience follows disgruntlement nearly always. Love of every sort is a guard against lust, by a divine paradox, sexual love is a guard against lust. No woman is more easily and painlessly abstained from from, if need be, than the woman one loves. And I’m pretty sure purely male society is an enemy to chastity. I don’t mean a temptation to homosexuality: I mean that the absence of ordinary female society provokes the normal appetite (Lewis, Yours, Jack, 307-308).

C. S. Lewis on “Wanting a Woman”

We use a most unfortunate idiom when we say, of a lustful man prowling the streets, that he โ€œwants a woman.โ€ Strictly speaking, a woman is just what he does not want.

โ€œHe wants a pleasure for which a woman happens to be the necessary piece of apparatus. How much he cares about the woman as such may be gauged by his attitude to her five minutes after fruition (one does not keep the carton after one has smoked the cigarettes).

โ€œNow Eros makes a man really want, not a woman, but one particular woman. In some mysterious but quite indisputable fashion the lover desires the Beloved herself, not the pleasure she can give.โ€

(#AmazonAdLink) โ€“The Four Loves

So what are your thoughts? Is C. S. Lewis right about what he says regarding masturbation? Is he wrong? Feel free to comment anonymously!

God is Redeeming Life Bible & Theology Topics: Books I'm Reading, C. S. Lewis, Discipleship, masturbation, Theology of Sin

Romans 8:28-30 and the “Golden Chain of Salvation”

By Jeremy Myers
26 Comments

Romans 8:28-30 and the “Golden Chain of Salvation”

Yesterday we considered the problem with the Calvinistic ordo salutis in Romans 8:28-30.

I suggested that there is a different way of understanding this text in light of Paul’s overall argument. We consider this alternative today.

The “Golden Chain” of Romans 8:28-30

The first thing to consider is the โ€œgolden chainโ€ which begins with the foreknowledge of God and ends with glorification.

golden chain Romans 8 28-30

Through repeated use of the plural pronoun โ€œwhomโ€ (Gk., ous), all those whom God foreknew are also those who arrive at glorification. That is, the same group which is identified by the โ€œwhomโ€ in Romans 8:29 seem to be the exact same group which reach glorification in Romans 8:30.

Most Calvinists would agree with this, and say that this proves that God has some sort of eternal divine foreknowledge of all things. But note what happens when we apply this sort of foreknowledge to Romans 8:29-30.

All those whom God foreknew (which is everybody and everything), are also those who are predestined, called, justified, and glorified. Understanding Godโ€™s foreknowledge in Romans 8:29-30 as encompassing all people leads to the inevitable conclusion that all people will be glorified. But if only a certain group of people out of all humanity will be glorified, then this leads us backward through the โ€œgolden chainโ€ to see that Godโ€™s foreknowledge is also limited to a certain group of people.

In other words, we must either say that this verse teaches universalism, or that we have misunderstood the terms and logic Paul uses in this text. I vote for the latter.

Greg Boyd is exactly right when he says this about Romans 8:28-30:

If Paul is using the term proginลskล (lit., โ€œto know beforeโ€) in a cognitive senseโ€”that is, to say that God possessed certain information ahead of timeโ€”then far from implying that God foreknows everything, this text would actually be denying that God foreknows everything.

โ€ฆ It is more likely that Paul is using the term know in the customary Semitic sense of affection rather than in a merely cognitive sense. To โ€œknowโ€ someone is to love that one. So to โ€œforeknowโ€ someone means to love that one ahead of time. Three chapters later Paul refers to Israel as โ€œ[Godโ€™s] people whom he foreknewโ€ (Rom 11:2). If this is in fact its meaning in 8:29, then Paul is simply claiming that God loved the church before he called them just as he loved Israel before he called them.

โ€ฆ What God loved ahead of time (ultimately from the foundation of the world) was the bride of Christ, the body of Christ, the church considered as a corporate wholeย (Boyd, Satan and the Problem of Evil,ย 118. Such a view is not without significant lexical challenges, however. Seeย Olson, Beyond Calvinism and Arminianism, 152-173).

Whatever foreknowledge Paul is talking about, he is not referring to some sort of exhaustive, all-encompassing knowledge of all events and all people from before all time, for this would lead to the conclusion that all those whom God foreknows will end up in glorification.

Paul’s Golden Chain in Romans 8:28-30

So what is Paul saying?

First, we must remember that in Scripture, and especially in Pauline theology, Jesus Christ is the ultimate elect one, and individual people become elect, not through an eternal divine decree from God, but by joining with Christ by faith.

In other words, God does not predestine or elect people to be in Christ; no, God elects Jesus, and by default, all who join with Jesus by faith also become elect as members of the โ€œbody of Christ.โ€

Romans 8 28-30

Second, we must also recall that election is not to eternal life, but to service.

God does not choose, out of the mass of humanity, some to spend eternity with Him in heaven, while all others are destined for eternal suffering in hell. This is not the biblical teaching of election.

Instead, election is to service, and God chooses some out of the mass of humanity to serve Him or perform certain tasks to accomplish His will in human history.

While He sometimes chooses unregenerate individuals for this purpose (such as King Cyrus, Judas, and a few others), all who are in Jesus Christ automatically become โ€œelectโ€ in Christ. That is, all who become members of the body of Christ are also elected or chosen by God to serve Godโ€™s purposes in this world.

These two points help us understand what Paul is saying in Romans 8:28-30.

Note that when Paul introduces the idea of Godโ€™s calling in Romans 8:28, he says that this calling is โ€œaccording to His purpose.โ€ And what is Godโ€™s purpose? In Romans 8:29, Paul states that those whom God foreknew, He predestined to be conformed to the image of His Son.

This calling of God is a calling upon believers to serve Godโ€™s purposes. Since all who are called are also justified, Paul cannot be referring to some sort of general call of the gospel to the world, but rather to a calling of God to believers to serve Him and come into conformity to Jesus Christ, โ€œthat He might be the firstborn among many brethrenโ€ (Romans 8:29).

We can see this more clearly if we include some elements in Paulโ€™s โ€œgolden chainโ€ which he left out.

For example, though Scripture includes proclaiming the gospel, human faith, Spiritual regeneration, and sanctification into the theological chain of events which contribute to the โ€œsalvation package,โ€ Paul makes no mention of these.

Why not?

Maybe it was because he understood these other terms to be synonyms with the terms he did mention, or maybe it was because Paulโ€™s list of terms places an emphasis on Godโ€™s role in salvation.

If we were to include these other four terms inside Paulโ€™s chain of events, the list would look like this: Foreknowledge, predestination, proclaiming the gospel, faith, regeneration, calling, justification, faithfulness, sanctification, glorification.

Note that in this list, regeneration, calling, and justification are simultaneous events which follow faith but precede sanctification (cf. Jude 1). When a person responds to the gospel in faith, God regenerates them to new life, calls them to a specific purpose, and declares them righteous in His sight.

I do not, of course, want to add words to what Paul is saying. He included the terms he did because he wanted to make a specific point to his readers.

In Romans 8, Paulโ€™s emphasis is on Godโ€™s part in the plan of salvation. There is nothing in Romans 8:28-30 about a humanโ€™s responsibility to believe in Jesus or to walk by faith for sanctification.

Romans-8 28-30

Paul is emphasizing Godโ€™s role while ignoring manโ€™s role, but this does not mean that mankind has no role.

In the overall scheme of redemption, God alone is the one who foreknows what He will do, takes steps to make sure it happens, calls believers to a greater purpose in service to Him, justifies those who believe, and glorifies for eternity all whom He justified.

In Romans 8:28-30, Paul is not talking about an eternal decree from eternity past about to whom He would give eternal life, but rather, Godโ€™s plan from eternity past to bring those who believe in Jesus into conformity to the image of Jesus Christ, which does not fully occur until glorification (cf. Eph 1:4; 4:1; 5:27; Col 1:22-23).

This fits with everything we have seen about election so far. In Romans 8:28-30, Paul is saying nothing about Godโ€™s predestination of some to eternal life.

Instead, Paul is saying that God decided in eternity past to make sure that everyone and anyone who joins His family by faith will finally and ultimately be brought into conformity to Jesus Christ at their glorification.

Foreknowledge is not Godโ€™s plan from all eternity about whom to give eternal life. It is simply Godโ€™s plan about what to do with those who believed.

Since election is to service, Godโ€™s foreknowledge does not include the election of individuals to eternal life. Godโ€™s predestination is His commitment to carry out His plan. โ€œAnd what is Godโ€™s plan? To bring all who have responded to Godโ€™s initiative with love to salvation, to eternal blissโ€ (Pilch, Cultural World of the Apostles,ย 91).

The Context of Romans 8:28-30

This understanding of Romans 8:28-30 fits perfectly within the broader context of Romans 8 as well.

In this section of Romans, Paul is writing to Christians who are facing severe testing and trials as a result of their faith in Jesus (cf. Romans 8:17-18).

But Paul wants to encourage his readers by telling them that the suffering they face will result in glory, and that absolutely nothing can separate them from Godโ€™s love or Godโ€™s purpose in their lives (Romans 8:31-39).

In light of this, the foreknowledge of God takes on a special intimacy and mercy for all who are part of the people of God. Paulโ€™s point in Romans 8 is that God determined from eternity past to bring us to glorification despite our many weaknesses and failures.

God elected and predetermined a destiny for his people in full knowledge of what they were, what they would be without his intervention, and, most significantly, what they would become as a result of his grace on their behalfย (Klein, The New Chosen People, 164).

In this way, there is great encouragement in Paulโ€™s words.

Many of the people to whom he is writing (just like many people today), were struggling with feelings of inadequacy, guilt, failure, fear, and doubt. Paul wanted them to know that God knew all about these things from eternity past, and it didnโ€™t stop Him from initiating His plan to rescue and redeem the world, and since God predestined such a plan, He will take care of everything necessary to bring it to completion, which will result in our glorification (cf. Romans 8:31-39).

Ultimately, the whole discussion about the ordo salutis in Romans 8 leads the student of Scripture in the wrong direction about Paulโ€™s point.ย Paul is not so concerned with laying down a guideline about what happens in which order. He is not intent on describing each individual step in Godโ€™s plan of salvation.

Instead, Paulโ€™s only point in writing Romans 8:28-30 is to encourage Christians that no matter what happens to them, God is with them, will not abandon them, and just as He has had them in mind since before the foundation of the world, He will not abandon them to the trials and testing they are facing.

If God is the only one who could bring a charge against them, but He will not do so, and instead, delivered His own Son up for us all ย (Romans 8:31-34), then we can be sure that absolutely nothing will separate us from the love of God (Romans 8:35-39). If God is for us, who can condemn us? Jesus could. But rather than condemn us, Jesus intercedes for us!

This is an astounding message from Paul which all believers need to hear.

[Paul] is speaking to Christians, about Christians, and to reassure them of Godโ€™s love for them and Godโ€™s desire for them to cooperate with his Spirit in working for good and in overcoming all tribulationย (Marston and Forster, Godโ€™s Strategy in Human History, 245).

In Romans 8, Paul is not laying out some sort of mysterious outworking of Godโ€™s divine decree, but is describing in great detail the height, breadth, width, and depth of Godโ€™s love for His people.

He loves us, has always loved us, and will always love us. He set the plan of redemption in place, and He will bring it to completion. This is Paulโ€™s point in Romans 8.

If you want to read more about Calvinism, check out other posts in this blog series: Words of Calvinism and the Word of God.

God is z Bible & Theology Topics: Books by Jeremy Myers, Calvinism, election, predestination, Romans 8:28-30, salvation, Theology of Salvation, TULIP, Unconditional Election

Problems with the Calvinistic Ordo Salutis in Romans 8:28-30

By Jeremy Myers
48 Comments

Problems with the Calvinistic Ordo Salutis in Romans 8:28-30

For many, Romans 8:28-30 presents the strongest case in the entire Bible for the Calvinistic doctrine of Unconditional Election.

ordo salutis

This text contains what many refer to as โ€œthe golden chain of salvation,โ€ linking Godโ€™s foreknowledge from eternity past to the glorification of Christians in eternity future. It seems that if those whom God foreknew from eternity past are the same ones He brings to glorification in eternity future, then sovereign Unconditional Election is the only way God could bring this about.

Here is what Paul writes:

And we know that all things work together for good to those who love God, to those who are the called according to His purpose.ย  For whom He foreknew, He also predestined to be conformed to the image of His Son, that He might be the firstborn among many brethren.ย  Moreover whom He predestined, these He also called; whom He called, these He also justified; and whom He justified, these He also glorified (Romansย 8:28-30).

As can be seen, this text seems to strongly support the doctrine of Unconditional Election.

Calvinists onย Romans 8:28-30

John Piper calls it โ€œthe most important text of all in relation to the teaching of Unconditional Electionโ€ย (Piper, 5 Points, 58). Romans 8:29 begins by linking Godโ€™s divine foreknowledge with Godโ€™s predestination, and Romans 8:30 carries this predestination through calling, justification, and glorification.

It appears that Paul presents a โ€œgolden chain of salvationโ€ from eternity past to eternity future, just as Palmer states:

What Paul is saying in Romans 8 is that there is a golden chain of salvation that begins with the eternal, electing love of God and goes on in unbreakable links through foreordination, effectual calling, justification, to final glorification in heavenย (Palmer, Five Points of Calvinism, 32).

With just a cursory reading of Romans 9:29-30, it appears that Palmer is correct. It seems that Paul is saying that from eternity past, God had in mind a certain group of people whom He predestined to receive eternal life.

This group of people was called by God, justified by God, and glorified by God. Many note that even the word โ€œglorifiedโ€ is in the past tense, which seems to indicate that even when glorification is in our future, it is nevertheless settled and complete in the mind of God.

If our glorification and justification was settled in the mind of God through His calling and predestination from eternity past, then this text seems to irrefutably support Unconditional Election.

The Problem with theย Ordo Salutisย Romans 8:28-30

However, when Romans 8:28-30 is understood in context, not only does it fail to support Unconditional Election, but this text actually refutes it.

In some theological circles, there is an ongoing debate over something called ordo salutis, or โ€œthe order of salvationโ€ย (Sproul, Grace Unknown, 144).

The debate is basically about the logical order of events and decisions in Godโ€™s plan of salvation.

For example, while everybody agrees that justification precedes glorification, there is much debate about whether Godโ€™s decree to redeem humanity preceded or followed the human fall into sin. The option you choose leads to numerous ramifications about your understanding of Godโ€™s sovereignty, human freedom, and what (or who) initiated Godโ€™s plan of redemption.

One of the other issues in the debate over ordo salutis is in regard to Godโ€™s foreknowledge and predestination.

The Calvinistic Ordo Salutis looks like this:

Calvinistic Ordo Salutis

Arminians, with their desire to maintain human free will, often say that God, in eternity past, looked down through time to see who would choose Him out of their own free will, and then it is these whom God predestined for eternal life. In this order of events, Godโ€™s foreknowledge logically precedes Godโ€™s predestination. Calvinists disagree, and say that such an order of events makes God dependent upon human choice. They argue instead that God knows what will happen in the future because He predestined, or foreordained, all that will happen (Demarest, The Cross and Salvation, 36-44; Piper, 5 Points, 59-60).

Arminian Ordo Salutis

Yet when Paul talks about the โ€œorder of salvationโ€ in Romans 8:28-30, he does not follow the normal Calvinistic order. Instead, he follows the Arminian order. He puts foreknowledge before predestination.

In an attempt to explain this, Edwin Palmer explains that foreknowledge carries the idea of having a loving relationship with someone:

The word translated by the older versions as โ€œforeknewโ€ is a Hebrew and Greek idiom meaning โ€œlove beforehand.โ€ โ€ฆ Paul is using the Biblical idiom of โ€œknowโ€ for โ€œlove,โ€ and he means โ€œwhom God loved beforehand, he foreordainedโ€ย (Palmer, Five Points of Calvinism, 31-32; cf.ย Boettner, Predestination, 100).

The idea that Godโ€™s foreknowledge is best understood as Godโ€™s eternal love is correct, but this still doesnโ€™t solve Palmerโ€™s dilemma, that Paul places Godโ€™s foreknowledge prior to Godโ€™s predestination. Even with Palmerโ€™s exegetical sleight-of-hand in substituting in new terminology for Paulโ€™s words, he still cannot get around the fact that Paul has Godโ€™s foreknowledge (or eternal love) preceding Godโ€™s foreordination (or predestination).

A. W. Pink attempts similar gymnastics when he uses the word โ€œforโ€ at the beginning of Romans 8:29 to say that the phrase โ€œwhom He foreknewโ€ points back to part of the last clause of Romans 8:28, โ€œto those who are calledโ€ย (Pink, Sovereignty of God, 172).

In this way, Pink is able to base Godโ€™s foreknowledge on the calling of God, thus maintaining some semblance of the preferred Calvinistic ordo salutis. But this just confuses things further, because then Paul re-reverses the order in Romans 8:30 by putting Godโ€™s calling after predestination. Furthermore, since Calvinists often equate Godโ€™s โ€œeffectual callโ€ with Irresistible Grace and Godโ€™s predestination with Unconditional Election, A. W. Pink has just reversed the order of TULIP as well, by placing the โ€œIโ€ before the โ€œUโ€ย (Vance, Other Side of Calvinism, 389).ย It gets very confusing listening to Calvinists try to explain Paulโ€™s words.

R. C. Sproul also notes the difficulty in Romans 8:29-30, and tries to explain it away by stating this:

We notice in this text that Godโ€™s foreknowledge precedes his predestination. Those who advocate the prescient view assume that, since foreknowledge precedes predestination, foreknowledge must be the basis of predestination. Paul does not say this. He simply says that God predestined those whom he foreknew. Who else could he possibly predestine? Before God can choose anyone for anything, he must have them in mind as objects of his choice. โ€ฆ [So] in actuality Romans 8:29-30 militates against the prescient view of electionย (Sproul, Grace Unknown, 143.ย He later goes on to argue for the same meaning of โ€œforeknewโ€ as โ€œfore lovedโ€ as Palmer uses above. See p. 145).

I am not sure if โ€œmilitatesโ€ is the right word, as Sproulโ€™s argument is much weaker than he believes. According to Sproul, Paul is simply saying that God knows whom He will choose before He chooses them.

This would be fine, except that most Calvinists argue the opposite, that God only knows whom He will choose because He first chose them.

According to the Calvinistic ordo salutis, predestination and foreordination come before foreknowledge and election. So just like Palmer, Sproul is right about what Paul seems to say, but is in disagreement with what Calvinists typically argue.

ordo salutis

So does this mean the Arminian is right?

No.

Calvinists rightly criticize Arminians for saying that God looks down through the halls of time to see who will believe in Him for eternal life, and then He elects, chooses, or predestines those people to be the objects of His grace and love.

Calvinists say that this makes God subject to the will of human beings, and in fact, puts the whole plan of salvation at risk. I agree with what Boice and Ryken say on this point.

[Some teach] that God bases his election of an individual on foresight, foreseeing whether or not a particular individual will have faith. โ€ฆ [This] actually means that men and women elect themselves, and God is reduced to a bystander who responds to their free choice. Logically and causally, even if not chronologically, Godโ€™s choice follows manโ€™s choiceย (Boice, Doctrines of Grace, 99).

After all, what if God, in looking down through the halls of time to see who would choose Him, discovered that, much to His dismay, nobody had chosen Him? God would have been bound by this foreknowledge to do what He foresaw; otherwise His foreknowledge would have been in error.

If God only looks forward in time to see what it is that He should be doing in regard to human salvation, then God is bound by what He foresees to carry it out, even if He defeats Him and His purpose.

Right about now, you may be feeling like this discussion of Romans 8:28-30 is getting off into the weeds.

On the one hand, we have seen that while some Calvinistic explanations of various words of this text do in fact teach what those words say, we have also seen that the Arminian ordo salutis better fits the logical order in which Paul lists these words.

Yet the Arminian ordo salutis creates vast theological problems for the interplay between divine sovereignty and human freedom.

How then are we to proceed? What is Paul saying? How can we understand this text?

The solution seems to lie in the middle ground between Calvinism and Arminianism, which is discovered by letting Paulโ€™s words speak for themselves, which we will look at tomorrow.

Until then, what are your thoughts on theย ordo salutisย debate? Are you familiar with it? Is it all new to you? Do you have an opinion? Do you even care?

If you want to read more about Calvinism, check out other posts in this blog series: Words of Calvinism and the Word of God.

God is Uncategorized Bible & Theology Topics: Books by Jeremy Myers, Calvinism, election, ordo salutis, predestination, Romans 8:28-30, Theology of Salvation, TULIP, Unconditional Election

Only a Couple More Days to get my book on Amazon at a steep discount

By Jeremy Myers
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Only a Couple More Days to get my book on Amazon at a steep discount

Dying to Religion and EmpireLots of people are really enjoying my most recent book.

I gave away over 2000 PDF copies of the book to people on my email newsletter, and quite a few people also took advantage of the sale of the book over at Amazon.

On Monday the book was only $0.99, butย Dying to Religion and Empireย is still available at the steeply discounted price of $3.99.

So don’t miss out! Goย download a copy for yourself.

The price goes up again tomorrow…

And while I haven’t been checking the book sales on Amazon, I did notice on Monday that it had made a few Top 10 best-seller lists on Amazon:

Dying to Religion and Empire  Giving up Our Religious Rites and Legal Rights  Jeremy Myers 7784

 

God is Uncategorized Bible & Theology Topics: books, Books by Jeremy Myers, dying to religion and empire, ebooks, free books

What I learned from almost following my GPS to my death

By Jeremy Myers
31 Comments

What I learned from almost following my GPS to my death

Olallie Lake
A friend told us that her favorite place to camp in Oregon was Olallie Lake.

So one Monday morning, my family and I hopped into our Toyota Sienna with all of our camping gear, I plugged Olallie Lake into my GPS, and we were off.

GPSThe GPS said it would take about 3 hours to arrive.

The first two hours of the trip went great. We drove up past Detroit Lake, and took a winding mountain road through luscious forests and cascading waterfalls. Since well all love camping, we were excited with anticipation.

With about twelve miles to go, the GPS told me to take a right hand turn off of the paved mountain road onto a dirt road. Though it was only twelve miles, the GPS said we would arrive in 1 hour. This was no surprise, since one has to drive slower on dirt roads in the mountains.

Five hours later we pulled in to Olallie Lake. Nevertheless, we were relieved to have even arrived. The road which the GPS took us down was nearly impassible. The road was nearly overgrown on both sides, with sometimes little more than two feet of visible road showing through all the brush, branches, and brambles.

Every few feet there were huge potholes or giant rocks which had to be carefully avoided. On the one hand, if our Sienna drove into one of those potholes, I knew it would not get back out, and on the other hand, if we drove over one of the giant boulders in the road, I knew it would rip the underside off our van. There were frequent times where my wife and I had to get out of the van to roll boulders out of the middle of the road.

As we were drove along at 2 miles per hour, we encountered many 4WD vehicles coming back down. Usually, one or the other of us would have to back up to find a place where one of us could pass the other. And without fail, as they passed, the driver of the other vehicle rolled down his window, looked at us in our Sienna van, and told us to turn back. Even they, with their 4WD, could not travel the road ahead.

But we pressed on. In our Sienna. Loaded to the gills. “Our Sienna is from Montana,” we told our girls. “It thinks it is a rugged 4WD pickup.”

At numerous times in those 5 hours, my wife and children had to get out of the Sienna while I crept along the treacherous road, slowly maneuvering around the potholes and rocks ahead of me, while carefully keeping my eye on the precipitous drop-off to the right.

As I look back now, it truly is a miracle that we made it to Olallie Lake.

Olallie LakeYet when we arrived, I was absolutely shocked to discover that there were dozens of cars and campers already there. And most of the cars were the little two-door and four-door sedans you see driving around a major city; none of them could have traversed the road we had just traveled.

I went and spoke to the camp host about how all these other people had made it up such a treacherous road, and he informed me that nobody, absolutely nobody, comes up the road I had taken. When I told him this was the way I had come, he stared at me, and then stared at my Sienna and said, โ€œIn that? I am surprised you made it. Whyโ€™d you go that way?โ€

โ€œI followed my GPS,โ€ I told him.

โ€œYeah,โ€ he said. โ€œA GPS is great for city driving, but once you get out into the hills, it doesnโ€™t know the difference between a good dirt road, and an impassible mountain road which not even a 4WD truck can handle. Donโ€™t follow your GPS when you go home.โ€ He then pulled out a map and showed me the proper way to get home.

We had a great week of campingโ€”probably the best week of my entire life. We saw eagles. We went on hikes. We had deer, ducks, and chipmunks in our campsite. We picked huckleberries. We played games. Talked around the fire. Read books. Went rafting. It was a wonderful week of camping.

And then traveled home. And just as the camp host had said, the road was a beautifully smooth dirt road for a mile or two, and then pavement all the rest of the way home. We made it in less than three hours.

I learned that day that my GPS, my infallible roadmap which I blindly follow around most of the time, was not infallible in all situations and circumstances. By following it, it had actually endangered not only my vehicle, but the life of my family as well.

And it got me thinking.

What else do I blindly follow in life, thinking it is an infallible guide for what I should think and how I should live? Even if this approach is safe 99% of the time, what happens when I follow it that 1% of the time when I shouldnโ€™t, and it leads me down a road from which there is (almost) no return?

the Bible as a roadmapYes, I am talking about the Bible.

Reading, studying, memorizing, and learning the Bible has been my life passion for as long as I can remember. I remember the thrill of getting my own personal Bible in Kindergarten when I learned to read. I remember in high school at the lunch break, going out and sitting in a car to read my Bible for 30 minutes while all my friends went to shoot hoops or take a break. I remember as a pastor, sitting down eagerly every Monday morning to begin the study process of preparing a sermon for the next week.

But a few years back, the Bible I thought I knew led me down a path that almost destroyed my life and my family.

This caused me to step back and reconsider and rethink everything I thought I knew about the Bible, how to read it, and what it means. I have been doing that for six or seven years now.

Some days I think I am getting closer to wherever it is Iโ€™m headed; but other days, it feels like I have only just begun. But I believe that if I keep driving down this rock and pothole filled road, I will eventually arrive at Olallie Lake, where I will enjoy the best week of camping of my life.

And I really think Iโ€™m getting close.


This post is part of the January 2015 Synchroblog. Here are links to the other contributors.

  • Done With Religion โ€“ Looking Back, But Moving Forwardย 
  • Mark Votava โ€“ Learning to Love: Crossing a Decade of Rootednessย 
  • Tara at Praying on the Prairie โ€“ A Year of New Beginnings
  • Carol Kuniholm โ€“ Looking Back, Praying Forward ย 
  • Mary at lifeinthedport โ€“ย roaring chickens: how i found my voice
  • Moments with Michelle โ€“ The Year that Was: Looking Back at 2014
  • Glenn Hager โ€“ Things I Donโ€™t Ever Want to Forgetย 
  • Michelle Torigian โ€“ Looking Back at All the Stuffย 
  • Fedex at His Urban Presence – A Year of Changes
  • Charity at His Urban Presence โ€“ God is Thereย 
  • Lisa Brown at Me Too Moments for Moms โ€“ Lessons from 2014
  • Bram Cools โ€“ 2015: Looking Forward, Looking Backย 

God is z Bible & Theology Topics: bible reading, Bible Study, Discipleship, family, synchroblog, Theology of the Bible

My Newest Book is Now Available on Amazon!

By Jeremy Myers
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My Newest Book is Now Available on Amazon!

If you subscribe to this blog by email, check your inbox. I sent you aย free PDF copy of my newest book, Dying to Religion and Empire, earlier today.

Dying to Religion and EmpireIf for some reason you have not subscribed to my email newsletter, there are two things you can do.

1. Subscribe to Get Future eBooks for Free

First, make sure you subscribe! I send out free eBooks several times a year to email subscribers, but I can only send them to you if you subscribe!

2. Get the eBook on Amazon for $0.99 (Today only!)

Second, you can still get the book for next to nothing on Amazon, but the price goes up every day, so buy the book soon!

Here is the prices for this week:

  • Sunday: $0.99
  • Monday: $1.99
  • Tuesday, $2.99
  • Wednesday, $3.99
  • Thursday, $4.99

By Saturday, the eBook will be at it’s regular price of $5.99, which is still pretty reasonable for a 178-page book.

Want a Paperback copy?

Of course, if you prefer paperback editions (like I do), Dying to Religion and Empire is also available from Amazon for less than $10.

Thanks goes to…

I also want to thankย Nannette Hancock,ย Nelson Banuchi, andย Stan Stinsonย for helping me find lots of typos in the book. I will be sending them a free paperback copy of Dying to Religion and Empire.

reviews of Dying to Religion and EmpireThanks as well to all the people who posted reviews of the book! Here are some of the comments they made:

Dying to Religion and Empire asks some very good and difficult questions. For that reason alone it is worth your time and investment to ponder how you would answer these questions for yourself and see if your answers agree with the author.
~Stan Stinson

If you are easily offended and don’t like to have your assumptions challenged – don’t read this book. If you want to read a book that you may love or hate, but are willing (or even eager) to examine and evaluate what and why you believe as you do, I recommend this book. ~Jack Land, MD

I really enjoyed reading this book. Like most of Myers’ writings on his blog and in his other books, this one is filled with thoughtful observations and well-researched statements regarding the traditions of “church as we know it.” ~Penny Martin

I am really enjoying reading this book. Jeremy Myers is one or the most thought provoking authors that I read, this book has really helped me to look outside the box and start thinking how can I make more sense of my relationship with Christ and how can I show others in a way that impacts them the way that Jesus’ disciples impacted their world. Great book, great author.~Brett Hotchkiss

The views expressed by Jeremy may not be popular among many professing Christians, but should be. Great work!~Nan Hancock

Buy Dying to Religion and Empire on Amazon today

Go read the rest of the reviews on Amazon, and while you’re there, get the Kindle edition for $0.99 today only! (Even if you don’t own a Kindle, you can download the free Kindle app for your phone, tablet, or computer.)

God is Uncategorized Bible & Theology Topics: books, Books by Jeremy Myers, close your church, dying to religion and empire, ebooks

Does Acts 13:48 teach Unconditional Election?

By Jeremy Myers
57 Comments

Does Acts 13:48 teach Unconditional Election?

Oneย critical text for the Calvinistic understanding of Unconditional Election is Acts 13:48.

This text seems to indicate that God specially and sovereignly prepares the hearts and minds of some people to respond to the gospel. In the context, Paul has been proclaiming the gospel in Antioch, and when he concludes, Luke records this about those who heard Paul preach:

And when the Gentiles heard this, they were glad and glorified the word of the Lord. And as many as had been appointed to eternal life believed (Acts 13:48).

Acts 13:48 is Popular Among Calvinists

Due to the apparent clarity of this text, it is nearly impossible to find a Calvinistic defense of Unconditional Election which does not place heavy emphasis on Acts 13:48. One Calvinist even states that this is the verse that converted him to Calvinism in the first placeย (Nettleton, Chosen to Salvation,ย 16).

James white Acts 13 48
James White certainly believes that Acts 13:48 is important. He uses it as part of signature!

Other Calvinists are in agreement about the apparent power of this verse to prove Unconditional Election:

Here is another text with stunning clarity for whoever will read the Bible without preconceived notions about electionย (Palmer, Five Points of Calvinism, 29).

โ€ฆ Every article of human ingenuity has been employed to blunt the sharp edge of this scripture and to explain away the obvious meaning of these words, but it has been employed in vain, though nothing will ever be able to reconcile this and similar passages to the mind of the natural manย (Pink, Sovereignty of God, 52).

In response to the first quote from Palmer, we would say that one reason the Calvinist so clearly see election in this text is precisely because they read the Bible with preconceived notions about election.

In fact, one reason that people see election in this text is because the translators of our English Bibles often use words that convey this idea, even though it is not present in the original Greek. So it could be said that if someone reads this text in the Greek without preconceived notions of election, they would not come away with the Calvinistic doctrine of Unconditional Election.

The Meaning of “Appointed” in Acts 13:48

There are numerous arguments from the Greek context of these words and the textual context of Acts which provide a different understanding of Acts 13:48 than what the Calvinists would have us believe.

Let us begin with a look at the Greek word for โ€œappointedโ€ or โ€œordainedโ€ (Gk. tetagmenoi, the perfect participle of tassล).

Warning: Since this text is so crucial, and since our understanding of the text depends so much on the Greek word in question, we will have to get somewhat technical in our explanation.

Acts 13 48 in the Greek

The passive participle for tassล in Acts 13:48 could either be in the middle or passive voice, as both are spelled the same way in Greek. Most Calvinists understand the word to be in the passive voice, and translate it as such so it appears that people who believe in Acts 13:48 are totally passive in their reception of eternal life: They were ordained by God to believe, and so they did believe. End of story.

But if we consider that the Greek participle is in the middle voice, a completely different understanding emerges. In this case, the terms would not be translated as โ€œappointedโ€ or โ€œordainedโ€ but as something closer to โ€œmarshalled themselves, prepared themselves, or disposed themselvesโ€ย (Alford, The Greek New Testament,ย II:153;ย Shank, Elect in the Son,ย 87).

This understanding of the word not only makes more sense in the immediate context, but also fits with the broader context of Scripture.

In the immediate context, those who end up believing attended the synagogue on the Sabbath and heard the preaching of Paul, then joined with the Jews in inviting Paul to speak a second Sabbath, and after hearing him on this day, believed what they heard. The implication then in Acts 13:48 is that they had been thinking and mulling over what Paul had said for an entire week, and after hearing him a second time, became convinced of the truth of his words. Their belief was no passive working of God on their hearts and minds, but was their week-long consideration and response to what God was doing in their midst.

Not only does the middle voice translation of tetagmenoi in Acts 13:48 fit best with the immediate context, but this understanding fits with the broader context in several ways.

First is context of Acts 13 which contains numerous contrasts about how people respond to the gospel.ย  โ€œActs 13 is a study in contrasts in how different people prepare themselves to hear the gospelโ€ย (Lazar, โ€œElection for Baptists,โ€ 6).ย In the beginning of the chapter, the contrast is between Bar-Jesus and Sergius Paulus. One man was open to the truth while the other was full of deceit (cf. Acts 13:7, 10).

Then when Luke writes about Paul preaching in Pisidian Antioch, he shows how the Gentiles accept what is preached while the Jews oppose it. This event in Acts 13 marks the beginning of the theme in Acts where the Gentiles often respond favorably to the gospel while the Jews do notย (cf. Vance, Other Side of Calvinism, 346-348).

The reason for this transition, Luke indicates, is not because God has now โ€œchosenโ€ the Gentiles instead of His other โ€œchosenโ€ people, the Jews, but because the Gentiles were more open to hearing, considering, examining, and accepting the things Paul preached to them, while the Jews are more set in their traditional ways and beliefs, and so are less willing to consider that they might be wrong.

The Jewish rejection of Paulโ€™s message was not foreordained or predetermined by God either, as indicated by the middle voice of the word โ€œrejectโ€ (Gk., apลtheล) in Acts 13:46. The Jewish rejection in the middle voice indicates that the Gentile disposition to accept the gospel message should also be in the middle voice.

Robert Shank writes strongly about the way to properly translate and understand Acts 13:48:

The fact that human agency is explicitly asserted in verse 46โ€”โ€œsince you thrust [the word of God] from you and judge yourselves unworthy of eternal lifeโ€โ€”strongly militates against any assumption of divine agency in verse 48 and of an eternal decree of unconditional particular electionย (Shank, Elect in the Son,ย 184).

One reason the Jewish people did not accept the gospel message (from Jesus or Paul) is that it threatened their exalted position as Godโ€™s only โ€œchosenโ€ people.

If God was now accepting the Gentiles into His family, then the Jewish people could no longer think of themselves as Godโ€™s chosen people, for He had apparently chosen all people in Jesus Christ. Such an idea was a threat to their theology, their pride, and their power. The Jewish people were more than willing to accept that God loved Gentiles, as long as the Gentiles tried to become Jews.

But when Paul (as Jesus before him) announced that even the Gentiles were loved and accepted by God (cf. Acts 13:47), the Gentiles proselytes who were trying to become Jews realized that they did not have to become Jews in order to be accepted by God, and as a result, they rejoiced and believed.

On this point, I. Howard Marshall seems to say that the faith of the Gentiles in Acts 13:48 was preceded by their faith in God as Jewish proselyte. He writes that Acts 13:48 โ€œcould also refer to those who had already put their trust in God in accordance with the Old Testament revelation of his grace and were enrolled in his peopleโ€ย (Marshall, Acts,ย 231).

Therefore, the faith of the Gentiles in Acts 13:48 would be very similar to what we saw Jesus saying in John 6 and John 10 about why some Jewish people believed in Him when others did not. Just as some Jews had learned to hear Godโ€™s voice and follow Him, and so they recognized the voice of Jesus when He came, so also, some Gentiles had been seeking a place in Godโ€™s family by faith, and so naturally believed in Jesus when they heard that God had accepted them by His grace.

Furthermore, what Jesus taught about the Jews in Matthew 22:1-16 is echoed here. In that parable, the first group of people who were called to participate in the Kingโ€™s wedding feast were judged to be unworthy (Matt 22:8). And why were they unworthy? Because they were unwilling to come (Matt 22:3). The same idea is found here in Acts 13. The Jewish people were unwilling to believe the message which Paul preached, and so they too were judged unworthy of it.

This leads us to consider one of the reasons Luke wrote Acts in the first place. According to his opening line, Luke is writing to a Gentile name Theophilus (Acts 1:1) who is interested in learning about Jesus and the founding of the church. Therefore, it is critical for Luke to impress upon his reader the importance of studying, researching, investigating, examining, and considering the historical accuracy and theological truths which Luke presents in his book.

It would not fit Lukeโ€™s purpose in writing this letter to tell Theophilus to teach Theolphilus that if he wanted to receive eternal life, all he had needed to do was wait for God to sovereignly give it to him. Instead, Lukeโ€™s message to Theophilus is consistent with what he illustrates throughout the book of Acts with examples like these Gentile believers here and the conversion of Cornelius in Acts 10.

And what truth is this? That people can prepare or position themselves to respond favorably to any future truth of God if they remain open and receptive to the truth God is revealing to them right nowย (Cf.ย Vance, Other Side of Calvinism, 347).

Acts 13 48 and election

Finally, this understanding of tetagmenoi as โ€œdisposedโ€ fits best with other uses of the same term in Acts as well. Aside from Acts 13:48, the word is also used in Acts 15:2, 22:10, and 28:23. In Acts 15:2 and 28:23, the word is clearly referring to the actions, attitudes, and decisions of people, rather than to some divinely-ordained predisposition to the Gospel which was unconditionally granted by God.

Outside of the book of Acts, Luke (who also wrote Acts) uses the word in Luke 7:8 to refer to human authority and control. Paul follows a similar track when, in 1 Corinthians 16:15, he uses this word in connection to Christians who have devoted themselves to a particular ministry.

On this final point, although G. Delling says that โ€œAccording to Acts 13:48 the man who is a Christian is ordained to eternal life,โ€ he explains what the verse menas by writing this:

Elsewhere God is the One who orders or appoints, though only in the passive in the NT and with no mention of God in Acts. God has arranged the commission which results [in Paulโ€™s conversation experience] on the Damascus Road. โ€ฆ The idea that Godโ€™s will to save is accomplished in Christians with their conversion is obviously not connected with the thought of predestination, but rather with that of conferring statusย (Delling inย Kittel, TDNT, 29).

In other words, though God may order the events which allows a person to hear the message of the Gospel, and while God gives eternal life and confers the status of sonship to those who do believe, God does not force anyone to believe or restrict others from doing so.

Though God organized and commissioned the events on the Damascus Road which led to Paulโ€™s conversion, Paul was not forced to believe and could have chosen otherwise. So also with those who believe in Acts 13:48. Paul, as a servant of God, was sent by God to preach to the Gentiles in Antioch.

Many of those who heard him preach were God-fearing Gentile proselytes (cf. Acts 13:42-43), and so were predisposed to respond to the gospel when they heard it. It is these who believed the message Paul preached, and it is these who received eternal life.

Bible Scholars on “Appointed” in Acts 13:48

There are numerous Bible scholars and Greek experts who agree with this sort of explanation. Aside from the citations above, here are quotes from several more:

In the controversies on predestination and election this sentence has constantly been brought forward. But it is manifestly unfair to take a sentence out of its context, and interpret it as if it stood alone. In Acts 13:46 we are told that the Jews had judged themselves unworthy of eternal life, and all that is meant by the words in this verse is the opposite of that expression. The Jews were acting so as to proclaim themselves unworthy; the Gentiles were making manifest their desire to be deemed worthyย ย (Lumby in โ€œThe Acts of the Apostlesโ€ย in ย The Cambridge Bible, 168).

The din of many a theological battle has raged round these words, the writer of which would have probably needed a good deal of instruction before he could have been made to understand what the fight was about. โ€ฆ It would seem much more relevant and accordant with the context to understand the word rendered โ€˜ordainedโ€™ as meaning โ€˜adaptedโ€™ or โ€˜fitted,โ€™ than to find in it a reference to divine foreordination. โ€ฆ The reference then would be to the โ€˜frame of mind of the heathen, and not to the decrees of Godโ€™ย (Maclaren, Exposition of Holy Scripture, 11:48).

The Gentiles were hungry for the Word [whereas] the Jews were culpable for rejecting the gospel. Indeed they judged themselves unworthy of eternal life. โ€ฆ Those who hear the good news and reject it are condemned not because they were unable to believe, but because they rejected the saving message and hence in effect judged themselves unworthy of eternal life!

โ€ฆ The Greek verb used here is not the one which means to choose or to elect. If Luke were making a point about election, why didnโ€™t he use that verb? Nowhere else in the entire Bible is this word used of election! In fact, not only does the word not refer to election, it is even possible, if not probable, that it doesnโ€™t mean appointed here either.

… In v. 42 the Gentiles โ€œbegged [Paul and Barnabas] that these words might be preached to them the next Sabbath.โ€ Begging suggests devotion. They were devoted to learning about the good news of eternal life. This makes good sense in the context and it also makes a nice parallel. The Jews in Pisidian Antioch rejected the teachings of Paul and Barnabas and judged themselves unworthy of eternal life. The Gentiles, oppositely, accepted the teachings of the apostles. However, instead of saying โ€œthey judged themselves worthy of eternal life,โ€ Luke chose to say instead that the Gentiles believed, as many as had been devoted to eternal life. (Note: the Greek puts โ€œthey believedโ€ before the words โ€œas many asโ€ฆโ€) They first devoted themselves to searching out the way to eternal life and then having discovered the message (Jesus guarantees eternal life to all who simply believe in Him) they believed itย (Wilkin, โ€œAs Many as were Devoted to Eternal Life Believedโ€).

Chrystostom goes so far as to say that the expression tetagmenoi is employed to intimate that the thing is not a matter of necessity, or what is compulsory. And thus, far from favoring the system of an absolute decree, the words would lead to the opposite conclusion, that the Creator, while โ€˜binding nature fast in fate, left free the human willโ€™ย (Bloomfield, The Green Testament,ย ad loc.).

The best rendering [of Acts 13:48] then would be, โ€œwere (found) disposed to eternal life,โ€ which preservers the exact shade of the verb (โ€˜to set in order, arrange, disposeโ€™ [cf. Thayer]) and has just that degree of ambiguity which belongs to the originalย (Bartlet, The New Century Bible: The Acts, ad loc.).

Acts 13:48 Does Not Teach Unconditional Election

So by the weight of contextual evidence, it seems clear that Acts 13:48 does not teach Unconditional Election.

Even if, however, all the contextual and exegetical material presented above is wrong, and this verse does in fact teach that God ordained these particular Gentiles to receive eternal life (which the arguments above show He did not), this verse is still not a good proof-text for the Calvinistic doctrine of Unconditional Election. Laurence Vance explains why:

There are also a number of things that Acts 13:48 does not say. It doesnโ€™t say one has to be ordained to believe. It doesnโ€™t say there are โ€œreprobatesโ€ who canโ€™t be saved. It doesnโ€™t say that anyone was ordained unconditionally. It does say that anyone was ordained before the foundation of the world. It doesnโ€™t say that one was ordained by a sovereign decree. It doesnโ€™t say that those who are ordained will believe. It doesnโ€™t say that everyone who was ever saved was ordained to believeย (Vance, Other Side of Calvinism, 347).

In the end, we must say that not even Acts 13:48 teaches Unconditional Election, even though it is said to be one of the clearest statements in the Bible on the topic.

If you want to read more about Calvinism, check out other posts in this blog series: Words of Calvinism and the Word of God.

God is z Bible & Theology Topics: Acts 13:48, believe, Books by Jeremy Myers, Calvinism, election, predestination, Theology of Salvation, TULIP, Unconditional Election

Final Manuscript of my Newest Book Has been Submitted

By Jeremy Myers
2 Comments

Final Manuscript of my Newest Book Has been Submitted

I don’t want you to miss out! You can get a free digital copy of my newest book. Keep reading to learn how…

Dying to Religion and Empire

Dying to Religion and EmpireI submitted the final electronic files today for my next book which I am releasing on Monday.

The book is called Dying to Religion and Empire and is about how Christianity can regain some of our ability to be salt and light in this world by re-imagining how we practice our rites and how we stand up for our rights.

There have already been several reviews of the book posted on Amazon. You can go read them here: Dying to Religion and Empire Reviews.

This book is going to ruffle some feathers as I not only challenge the practices of baptism and communion (die to your rites), but also raise questions about the legal rights of Christians to the freedom of speech, to bear arms, and to various other rights guaranteed by the “First Amendment” and the “Bill of Rights.”

You Can Get a Free Digital Copy

As with all my book, I send out free digital copies to those who indicate they want them by signing up for my email list.

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God is Uncategorized Bible & Theology Topics: Books by Jeremy Myers, dying to religion and empire, ebooks, free books, free ebooks, Theology of the Church

John 15:16 – Did Jesus choose who would be saved?

By Jeremy Myers
15 Comments

John 15:16 – Did Jesus choose who would be saved?

In John 15:16, Jesus provides an extremely clear statement about what it means to be chosen and why certain people are chosen by God, and by Himself. Here is what He says:

You did not choose Me, but I chose you and appointed you that you should go and bear fruit, and that your fruit should remain, that whatever you ask the Father in My name He may give you (John 15:16).

chosen John 15:16

Calvinists confidently claim that this text contains an irrefutable affirmation that Unconditional Election to eternal life is by Godโ€™s sovereign choice alone. On this text, Spencer writes:

The bluntest affirmation that man does not do the choosing of God, since his depraved nature is capable of being โ€œpositiveโ€ only toward Satan, is that of Jesus โ€ฆย (Spencer, TULIP, 41).

Palmerย concurs:

Christโ€™s negative remark is just a forceful way of saying that although a Christian may think that he is the decisive factor in choosing Christ, the truth is that ultimately it is Christ who chose the believer. And then, after that, the believer chose Christย (Palmer, Five Points of Calvinism, 28).

While we can agree with the Calvinist that Jesusโ€™ words are blunt and forceful about the choice that He made, we must disagree with the Calvinist that the choice Jesus is talking about is in regards to who receives eternal life.

Quite to the contrary, Jesus Himself clearly states what His choice entails. The problems in understanding this verse arise when only the first half is quoted. If we allow Jesus to finish His sentence, we see that He explains why He chose those whom He did. He chose He chose them so โ€œthat you should go and bear fruitโ€ (John 15:16).

The sovereign choice of Jesus in John 15:16 is not a choice of some out of the mass of humanity to receive eternal life, but rather, the choice of some out of all His followers and disciples to have a deeper fellowship with Him so that they might serve Him and become more productive followers.

The choice of Jesus in John 15:16 is not to eternal life, but to service.

The Choice of Jesus in John 15:16 is to Service

That the choice of Jesus in John 15:16 is to service and not to eternal life is seen by comparing this text with the passages that actually describe the even where Jesus chose His apostles.

One of these is found in Mark 3:13-14, where we are told that Jesus chose twelve apostles โ€œthat they might be with Him and that He might send them out to preach.โ€ Very clearly, these twelve were chosen to a specific task and purpose, which included proclaiming the gospel of Jesus Christ to the world.

This is how we can also understand Jesusโ€™ statements to these same apostles in John 15:16. He is reminding them of the purpose for which they were chosen.

The Context of John 15:16

It is helpful as well to remember who Jesus is speaking to in John 15. This chapter is part of โ€œThe Upper Room Discourseโ€ of John 14โ€“16, where Jesus is speaking to the eleven remaining apostles (Judas already left, John 13:30).

The eleven apostles have many questions about what is going to happen to Jesus and what is going to happen to them, and Jesus explains over the course of these three chapters that He is going to die, but that this will enable to the Holy Spirit to arrive, so that they can continue with the work that Jesus began of advancing the Kingdom of God on earth.

John 15:16 chosen by Jesus

So when, in John 15:16, Jesus says, โ€œYou did not choose me, but I chose you,โ€ He is specifically speaking to His eleven apostles and reminding them that He chose them out of the wider mass of His followers for the specific task of learning from Him so that they could do the things He did (cf. John 6:70; 14:12-14; Luke 6:12-16).

This does not mean that Jesus has only chosen these eleven to do His work, for numerous other texts in the Scripture indicate that all who believe in Jesus are chosen, or elected, by Him to have a place in helping Him advance the Kingdom of God on earth.

All Believers Are Chosen to Serve

Just as Jesus chose the eleven for this task, so also, now that the Holy Spirit has come, all believers are similarly chosen. We too, like the eleven, were not chosen to receive eternal life, but, having received eternal life by faith in Jesus, we are chosen to serve God and love others.

If you want to read more about Calvinism, check out other posts in this blog series: Words of Calvinism and the Word of God.

God is z Bible & Theology Topics: Books by Jeremy Myers, Calvinism, election, John 15:16, predestination, Theology of Salvation, TULIP, Unconditional Election

John 10:26 – Does Jesus Choose who will be His Sheep?

By Jeremy Myers
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John 10:26 – Does Jesus Choose who will be His Sheep?

sheep John 10 26John 10:26 is often cited by Calvinists as a clear statement about Unconditional Election and how people do not become Godโ€™s โ€œsheepโ€ because they believe in Jesus; instead, they believe in Jesus because they were already Godโ€™s sheep.

On this text, John Piper writes, โ€œWe believe because we are Godโ€™s chosen sheep, not vice versaโ€ (Piper, 5 Points, 54).

This text is also sometimes used to defend the idea that regeneration precedes faith, and that God selects who will be His sheep from eternity past.

A. W. Pink writes that the elect โ€œare โ€˜sheepโ€™ before they believe, yea, before they are bornโ€ย (Pink, Sovereignty of God, 338).

And while John 10:26 does pretty clearly state that some people do not believe because they are not Godโ€™s sheep, the meaning of the passage depends entirely upon the broader context, and especially what Jesus means by โ€œsheep.โ€

John 10:26 in Context

John 10:14-16 are three verses in particular which help explain what Jesus is saying in John 10:26.

I am the good shepherd; and I know My sheep, and am known by My own. As the Father knows Me, even so I know the Father; and I lay down My life for the sheep. And other sheep I have which are not of this fold; them also I must bring, and they will hear My voice; and there will be one flock and one shepherd (Johnย 10:14-16).

But you do not believe, because you are not of My sheep, as I said to you (Johnย 10:26).

The imagery of โ€œsheepโ€ is prevalent in John 10, and to understand what Jesus is saying in John 10:26, we must understand what He is saying about sheep, and Himself as the Shepherd.

The truth that was seen in John 6 is important here as well. Jesus has come from God as the promised Messiah, and to help Him accomplish His earthly task, God has given to Jesus all those who were faithful followers of God.

We see this sort of thing happening all over in the Gospel of John. As Jesus engages in His earthly ministry, He frequently explains that those who know God, follow God, listen to God, and hear from God, will naturally and automatically know, follow, listen, and hear Himself as well, since He is from God (John 8:19, 42, 47; 14:7; 15:23; 16:3).

sheep hear my voice

So when Jesus speaks of โ€œsheepโ€ in John 6, He is referring to the Jewish people who came to Him from the Father. This imagery has great support from numerous Old Testament texts (cf. I kings 22:17; Ps 44:11, 22; 74:1; 78:52; 79:13; 95:7; 100:3; 119:176; Isa 53:6; Jer 23:1; 50:6, 17; Ezek 34:6, 11-12).

The Other Sheep of John 10:16

That this is what Jesus means is seen from John 10:16 where Jesus says that He has โ€œother sheepโ€ which are not of this sheepfold. What is He talking about? Since He is talking to Jewish people about those who come to Him from the Father, the โ€œother sheepโ€ are Gentile God-fearers who will also be given to Him by God.

This is exactly what occurs in the book of Acts (cf. Acts 10:1-2, 44-48). The ultimate goal, of course, is to bring both groups of sheep into one flock and under one Shepherd (John 10:16; Eph 2:13-18).

My Sheep Hear My Voice

All of this also explains why Jesus talks about His sheep hearing His voice (John 10:3-4).

The sheep which belong to Jesus have already become accustomed to hearing the voice of God, and so when they hear the voice of Jesus, the recognize His voice as the voice of God, and so they come to Him to follow Him.

These sheep were not unbelievers before they came to Jesus.

No, they were believers in God who followed Him and His ways for their life. They had become accustomed to the pattern and sound of Godโ€™s voice, and so when Jesus called them to follow Him, they looked at what He did and what He said, and recognized Him as having come from God.

This also explains why most of the Jewish leaders in John 10 do not come to Jesus: they didnโ€™t recognize Him as the shepherd, because by this point in their history, they had stopped listening to Godโ€™s voice. As Alfred Plummer notes, Jesus โ€œand His sheep have most intimate knowledge of one another; therefore these Jews asking who He is prove that they are not His sheepโ€ย (Plummer, โ€œThe Gospel of Johnโ€ in ย The Cambridge Bible, 220).

The Door for the Sheep

I am the door for the sheepWhen Jesus talks in John 10:7-10 about being the door for the sheep, He is not necessarily talking about how a person receives eternal life, but is instead talking about how a person finds protection and safety in this life, from those who wants to steal, kill, and destroy.

When Jesus uses the word โ€œsavedโ€ in John 10:9, He is talking about being guided to green pastures and being delivered from the thief who seeks to steal, kill, and destroy. To be โ€œsavedโ€ in John 10:9 means to have the abundant life of John 10:10. This is not equivalent to receiving eternal life.

The Unbelieving Sheep of John 10:26

So when all of this is taken into consideration, we see that when Jesus says in John 10:26 to some unbelieving Jews that they do not believe because they are not His sheep, He is not at all saying that they will not believe, or cannot believe.

Nor is He saying that everyone who ever believes in Him was one of His sheep before they believed.

No, Jesus is saying that these specific Jews who are having trouble with His claims, are having this trouble because they were not previously one of Godโ€™s sheep.

They do not recognize Jesus for who He is because they never understood who God really was. Despite all their religious claims to the contrary, they never truly followed God or learned to listen to His voice.

sheep john 10

If they had, they would have been one of Godโ€™s sheep, and God would have given them to Jesus, and they would have recognized His voice when He came to them. But since they did not recognize Him or His voice, this means they were not His sheep, and therefore, were not previously Godโ€™s sheep either.

Again, Jesus is not shutting the door in their face and saying there was no hope for them. He was telling them these things in the hopes that they would examine their hearts and minds and consider the idea that maybe, just maybe, Jesus truly was who He said He was, and that He was revealing God to them in the way God truly is.

If they believed in Him, then they would immediately become one of His sheep (though they had not previously been one of Godโ€™s), and He would give them eternal life, and would protect them and provide for them just as He does with all His sheep (John 10:27-30).

When Christ came, his sheep, like Simon (Luke 2:25), Anna (Luke 2:36-38), Zacharias and Elizabeth (Luke 1:5-6), the shepherds (Luke 2:8-10), and the disciples (John 1:40-49), knew him (John 10:14), followed him (John 10:27), and received eternal life (John 10:28). We have here the separation of the Jewish sheep from the goats and the drawing of them to the Messiahย (Vance, Other Side of Calvinism, 340).

Unconditional Election is not Taught in John 10:26

So there is no statement in John 10:26 about a divine choice in eternity past about who will belong to Jesus and believe in Him. โ€œJesus gives no hint here that He selected these specific disciples to be His sheepโ€ย (Klein, The New Chosen People, 127).

Like the passage in John 6, John 10 explains the transitionary nature of Jesusโ€™ ministry, where those who used to follow God and hear His voice, are now given by God to Jesus so that they now follow Jesus and hear Him.

All those who truly followed God and listened to Him will now follow Jesus and listen to Him, both among Jews and Gentiles. And why does Jesus call His sheep and ask Him to follow them? So that they can be His disciples; so they can serve Him and bless others.

If you want to read more about Calvinism, check out other posts in this blog series: Words of Calvinism and the Word of God.

God is Uncategorized Bible & Theology Topics: Books by Jeremy Myers, Calvinism, election, John 10:26, predestination, sheep, Theology of Salvation, TULIP, Unconditional Election

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